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Academic AI research, technical explanations, practical analysis and organized knowledge from the AI Core Research Lab.
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Research articleLearning versus Reasoning versus Search: The Fundamental Mechanisms of Knowledge Acquisition, Inference, and Problem-Solving in Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence relies on several interconnected computational mechanisms to acquire information, construct explanations, solve problems, and select appropriate actions. Among the most fundamental are learning, reasoning, and search—three processes…Read research
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Research articleMachine and Hybrid Intelligence: Artificial Cognition, Human–AI Symbiosis, Neural-Symbolic Systems, and the Integration of Biological and Computational IntelligenceMachine and hybrid intelligence represent two interconnected approaches to understanding, constructing, and extending intelligent capabilities through computation. Machine intelligence concerns the capacity of artificial systems to process information, learn…Read research
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Research articleMechanical Calculators and Automata: From Ancient Counting Devices and Geared Mechanisms to Programmable Machines and the Foundations of Artificial IntelligenceLong before the invention of electronic computers, microprocessors, neural networks, and modern artificial intelligence, human civilizations developed physical instruments capable of representing numerical quantities, simplifying mathematical operations, regulating mechanical…Read research
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Research articleMind-Body Problems and Functionalism: Consciousness, Physical Realization, Cognitive Architecture, and the Philosophical Foundations of Artificial IntelligenceCan an artificial system genuinely think, or can it only reproduce the outward appearance of thinking? Is consciousness necessarily dependent on a biological brain? Could a machine constructed from…Read research
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Research articleModels, Systems, Agents, and Products: The Fundamental Architectural Distinctions in Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence is frequently discussed using terms such as AI model, AI system, AI agent, and AI product as though they describe the same technological entity. In scientific research,…Read research
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Research articleMyths of Artificial Beings and Automata: Ancient Imaginations of Artificial Life, Mechanical Intelligence, Autonomous Servants, and the Origins of AI ThoughtLong before artificial intelligence became a scientific discipline, human civilizations imagined beings created through craftsmanship, divine intervention, magic, mechanical ingenuity, or other extraordinary processes that appeared capable of moving,…Read research
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Research articleNarrow AI, General AI, and Superintelligence: Definitions, Capability Boundaries, Architectures, and the Future of Machine IntelligenceArtificial intelligence encompasses computational systems with widely differing capabilities, degrees of generality, and levels of autonomy. Three influential concepts—Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), and Artificial Superintelligence…Read research
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Research articlePrediction, Generation, Recommendation, and Decision: Four Fundamental Functions of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence systems perform a wide range of computational activities, but four functions are especially important for understanding how AI transforms information into useful outcomes: prediction, generation, recommendation, and…Read research
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Research articleProbability and Early Statistics: From Ancient Counting and Games of Chance to Mathematical Uncertainty, Statistical Inference, and the Foundations of Artificial IntelligenceLong before artificial intelligence became a scientific discipline, human civilizations developed increasingly sophisticated methods for counting events, organizing observations, comparing quantities, predicting recurring phenomena, and reasoning about uncertain outcomes.…Read research
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Research articleProbability from Bayes to Kolmogorov: The Mathematical Foundations of Uncertainty, Statistical Inference, and Artificial IntelligenceHow can uncertainty be represented mathematically? How should an intelligent system revise its conclusions when new evidence becomes available? Why can an event with a very small probability nevertheless…Read research
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Research articleRationalism and Empiricism: Philosophical Foundations of Knowledge, Reasoning, Experience, Machine Learning, and Artificial IntelligenceHow does an intelligent system acquire knowledge? Does knowledge arise primarily through reasoning from established principles, through observation and experience, or through an interaction between the two? Can universal…Read research
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Research articleTasks, Environments, Goals, and Autonomy: The Foundations of Intelligent AI SystemsArtificial intelligence is fundamentally concerned with systems that interpret information, perform tasks, pursue objectives, and interact with the world under varying degrees of uncertainty and independence. Four interconnected concepts—tasks,…Read research