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Describing Causes, Effects, and Consequences

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  • Communicative Objective: Learn to explain why situations occur, describe immediate and long-term consequences, and connect causes and effects logically.
  • 5 Core Functional Sentences:
    1. The decline was largely caused by changes in consumer behavior.
    2. As a result of the new policy, operating costs have decreased considerably.
    3. One significant consequence of the delay is that the entire schedule may have to be revised.
    4. The problem became more serious because several warning signs had been ignored.
    5. Unless the underlying cause is addressed, the same issue is likely to occur again.
  • Grammar Focus: Passive voice for causes; cause-and-effect connectors; present perfect and past perfect passive; first conditional; likelihood expressions.
  • Vocabulary Focus: consequence, underlying, decline, trigger, impact
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